Review of Research Studies on Cultural Bias in Psychology

The number of inhabitants in minority social and ethnic gatherings in United States has expanding over the most recent couple of decades. It is in this manner basic for a mental advisor to experience a customer from an alternate social and ethnic foundation. In such experiences, there is opportunities for social predisposition that can influence adequacy of the mental intervention.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Review of Research Studies on Cultural Bias in Psychology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many specialists in the ongoing past have been worried about social inclination in the field of brain science and mental treatments. The paper surveys a couple of exploration concentrates on social predisposition in brain research, mentoring, and marriage and family treatment. Directing is viewed as the best mediation to mental and passionate issues. Be that as it may, thinking about social and ethnic assorted variety, guiding may not be pow erful if an advisor displays social inclination. In the article, â€Å"Cultural Biased Assumptions in Counseling Psychology† (Pedersen, 2003), Pedersen addresses social inclinations suspicions that may influence the viability of guiding intercessions. Pedersen recognizes and examines socially inclinations suspicions from a previous article by Ponterotto and Leong (2003). The creator contends that social inclination has sway on crafted by guiding clinicians. Pedersen cautions that social predisposition ought not be belittled given that it can have extraordinary impact on directing brain science. To â€Å"internationalize directing psychological† (Pedersen, 2003), Pedersen suggests that advising therapists embrace researcher professional model. In congruity with Pedersen, Snowden (2003) discovered social predisposition as a central point adding to divergence in psychological well-being care arrangement. Snowden presumes that albeit different factors, for example, conserv ative variables prompted a hole in emotional well-being care, social predisposition was the significant hindrance. He advocates for more examination on specific types of predisposition that could add to the inconsistencies. Social predisposition is a significant boundary to viable mental treatment. In family treatment, social inclination can make it unimaginable for a family advisor to completely comprehend her clients’ issues and give a compelling treatment. In the article named â€Å"Experiential Tasks and Therapist Bias Awareness†, Bermudez (1997) takes note of that remedial procedure can be influenced significantly by social predisposition against minority social and ethnic groups.Advertising Looking for paper on social examinations? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Bermudez, every single mental specialist have presumptions about minority social gatherings. A portion of the suppositions and convic tions could be one-sided and along these lines influence adequacy of a treatment. Bermudez recommends that social predisposition familiarity with an advisor can assist her with overcoming the inclination and be successful across societies. Bermudez proposes experiential errands to beat social predisposition, including pretending, perception, composed task, family forming and job inversion. Viability of a mental specialist in multicultural and multiethnic settings is relied upon her social ability. In an article named â€Å"Cultural Competency: From reasoning to investigate and practice†, Sue (2006) investigates the significance and estimation of social competency in mental treatments. Sue contends that social competency is trainable and suggests that specialist embrace social competency methodologies so as to improve result. Tending to social competency in family treatment, Hardy and Laszloffy (2003) saw social mindfulness and affectability as significant for social competenc y. Strong and Laszloffy contend that capacity of advisor to investigate her own social issues places her in a superior situation to comprehend different societies. Furthermore, the creators sum up how social genogram can be an effective preparing device for social skill (Hardy Laszloffy, 2003). Social inclination is a significant obstruction to directing minority social and ethnic gatherings. Thinking about the multicultural idea of the general public today, an advisor must be socially capable to be successful. Social competency aptitudes can assist instructors with avoiding social inclination and give better administrations to their various customers. References Bermudez, M (1997). Experiential Tasks and Therapist Bias Awareness. Contemporary Family Therapy 19 (2), 253-267Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Review of Research Studies on Cultural Bias in Psychology explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hardy, K. Laszloffy, T. (1995). The Cultural Ge nogram: Key to Training Culturally Competent Family Therapists. Diary of Marital and Family Therapy 21(3), 227-237 Pedersen, P. (2003). Socially Biased Assumption in Counseling Psychology. Guiding Psychologist 31(4), 396-403 Ponterotto, J. Leong, F. (2003). A Proposal for Internationalizing Counseling Psychology in the United States: Rationale, Recommendations, and difficulties. Directing Psychologist 31(4), 381-395 Snowden, L. (2003). Predisposition in Mental Health Assessment and Intervention: Theory and Evidence. American Journal of Public Health 93(2), 239-243 Sue, S. (2006). Social Competency: From theory to research and practice. Diary of Community Psychology 34 (2), 237-245. This paper on Review of Research Studies on Cultural Bias in Psychology was composed and put together by client Vivienne Hull to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Nursing Philosophy Essay

Nursing Philosophy Essay Nursing Philosophy Essay Specialists without Borders and its Philosophy Sammy Jergens As a nursing understudy you are relied upon to settle on a decision with respect to what field of nursing you might want to go into. There are numerous choices that an understudy could investigate, working at an emergency clinic, center, or even educate. Be that as it may, perhaps a completely extraordinary choice ought to be thought of, for example, working for a compassionate association. There are numerous associations to look over that have a nursing part. One of them has stood out, perhaps in light of the fact that they incorporate the four marvel of good nursing into their own statement of purpose. This gathering is Doctors without Borders otherwise called MSF for Medecins Sans Frontieres. A not revenue driven association that â€Å"provides autonomous, fair help with in excess of 60 nations to individuals whose endurance is compromised by savagery, disregard, or fiasco, fundamentally because of equipped clash, scourges, lack of healthy sustenance, prohibition from medicinal s ervices, or characteristic disasters.† (Doctors without Borders [MSF], 2012) The way of thinking of Nursing for Rockford College is split into four key ideas. These ideas are nursing, wellbeing, individual, and condition. Each part is fundamental in building up an exceptional medical caretaker. Similar ideas are found in the contract of Doctors without Borders and will be investigated all through this paper. â€Å"MSF’s work depends on the helpful standards of clinical morals and impartiality.† (MSF, 2012) Nursing As per the Rockford College school of Nursing manual, â€Å"Nursing is a craftsmanship and a science worried about the advancement, support, and rebuilding of ideal health.† (Rockford College Nursing office, 2012) Also nursing is portrayed as to having duty to society to give quality medicinal services to all. What's more, to best serve society an attendant should be politically dynamic and practice cooperatively with customers and other medicinal services suppliers. Specialists without Borders does these activities. â€Å"Calls open consideration regarding philanthropic fiascoes and by highlighting the reasons for such disasters, the association assists with framing groups of general sentiment contradicted to infringement and maltreatment of power.† (Nobel Prize 2012) They stand up to point out disregarded emergencies, challenge insufficiencies or maltreatment of the guide framework, and to advocate for improved clinical medicines and conventions. As a medical attendan t you are the voice of the customer regardless of whether the customer is a gathering of individuals. Wellbeing â€Å"Health is dynamic and constantly changing† (Potter and Perry, 2009) Meaning that we can't rely on the information that we have will at present be important tomorrow. Specialists without outskirts knows this and has â€Å"continuously attempted to update its calculated systems and flexibly chains. What's more, the association currently uses specific clinical units and hardware that empower its groups to begin sparing lives following they are deployed.† (MSF, 2012) Also as per Rockford College Nursing Handbook wellbeing reacts to individual science, way of life, nature and the human services framework. Specialists without fringe endeavor to assist networks with revamping themselves and thusly remake the lives of the individuals in them. In the realm of social insurance everything is associated somehow, practically like an exercise in careful control. As a medical attendant you discover the equalization for your patient, regardless of whether its wellbeing advancemen t or just mindfulness, and Doctors without outskirts does likewise. Individual It is essential to understand that only one out of every odd human is a cutout picture of the one preceding them. â€Å"Each individual is an exceptional, intricate, all encompassing being with biophysical, mental, otherworldly, and socio-social dimensions.† (Rockford College Nursing Department, 2012) Doctors without Borders get this and survey each individual’s circumstance and concoct an arrangement that fits every one. Be that as it may, when they asses their consideration plans it’s not for each individual in turn, yet an entire gathering of individuals. MSF treats patients with irresistible sicknesses, for example, tuberculosis, dozing

The Vigilance Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Vigilance Project - Essay Example Being in a gathering, an individual feels as vital piece of a group which improves their self-esteem. 4. Reasonable is struggle â€Å"based on rare resources†; emblematic clash is strife â€Å"based on values and beliefs†. Pragmatist clashes occur between bunches over rare assets in a serious domain. Emblematic clashes happen because of alternate points of view with respect to esteems and thoughts which offer ascent to clashes in objective influence. 5. The authority Catch 22 is best expressed as â€Å"The truth that groups for the most part need pioneers, yet the very nearness of a pioneer compromises the self-sufficiency of a team†. Rather than making a group increasingly profitable, a pioneer may wind up being an impediment on the off chance that he abuses his capacity (Thomson, 2004, p.309). 6. The three kinds of group instructing incorporate â€Å"ability, coordination, motivation†. Inspiration improves group responsibility, coordination encourages individuals to cooperate, and instructive training expands aptitudes and capacities of colleagues (Levi, 2010, p.178). 7. Teams that are underbounded â€Å"Have numerous outer ties, yet can't bring its individuals together†; conversely, groups that are overbounded â€Å"have high reliability however a powerlessness to coordinate with others†. Overbounded groups are profoundly durable thus individuals can work in more organized way than underbounded groups (Hackman, 2011, p.79). 11. According to the experimental research on concurrent and different reasoning, â€Å"Groups are superior to people at dissimilar reasoning; people are better than bunches at joined thinking†. This is on the grounds that in the last exertion is to discover single answer for an issue while in the previous exertion is to discover numerous answers for an issues which can be progressively viable in a gathering (Salkind, 2005, p.309). 12. The key dangers to imagination do exclude â€Å"social striving†. Social endeavoring implies people can display greatest execution when functioning as a major aspect of a gathering, and this can improve imagination (Shiraev and Levy,

Geoffrey Chaucer - Free Essay Example

The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer is a book of short stories told by pilgrims as they journey to Saint Thomas Beckets shrine after his death in the 14th century. These pilgrims tell each other stories to keep themselves entertained as they travel. Though their plots and themes vary from romance to tragedy, the theme of religion also made its way into many of the tales. Choosing three, The Tale of Melibee, The Monks Tale and The Man of Laws Tale and comparing the disposition of the storyteller to the characters and circumstance in their tale, perhaps there is more to learn about their underlying feelings regarding Christianity. The Tale of Melibee is a story of tragedy and forgiveness amidst a wealthy family. While Melibus has gone on a walk, his wife Prudence and their daughter Sophie are attacked and beaten in their home by three old enemies. When He returns home and sees their physical state he is furious and desires revenge. Prudence though harmed by the attack, quotes the scriptures to him, pleads that he seek wise counsel, and forgives. He listens to her and does just this. Proverbs 24:6 says, For by wise guidance you can wage your war, and in abundance of counselors there is victory. Prudences reaction after the incident is extremely wise and biblical. Turning to the scriptures during pain and brokenness rather than lashing out takes a lot of patience and faith. Chaucer named her appropriately, for Prudence means wisdom and virtue. Unlike the other 20 tales, this story is told by Chaucer rather than a pilgrim. Chaucer is medieval Englands best storyteller. Though he wrote on religion, he is not known to be religious himself. In this tale, Chaucer brings to light the positive elements of Christianity, rather than the corrupt views of the church that are in several of his stories. The Monks Tale is told by the Monk. His tale is not just one, but many brief versions of well-known stories including those of Lucifer, Adam, Samson, Hercules, Nebuchadnezzar. The Monk tells 19 of these stories, the moral of the stories being that fortune is unpredictable, and even the most wealthy, strong or powerful can lose to it. The Monk could have kept on spitting out these stories if he hadnt been interrupted by the Knight, who had heard quite enough. The Monk, the pilgrim storyteller is a jolly, greasy, wealthy and round looking man. He rides on horseback, keeps expensive animals, and hunts. He wears expensive clothes and lives in a way that conflicts with the typical monk lifestyle. Monks in the medieval period lived very minimalistically and devoted themselves to reading, prayer and work in the church. This Monk enjoyed the title and respect that came with being a monk, but did not live accordingly. The Man of Laws Tale is the story of Constance, a devout Roman Christian woman that is faced with trials, but is saved by her faith. Constances father, the Roman Emperor makes a contract with King Alla that he will convert to Christianity. This infuriates Allas mother so much so that she attacks their wedding party and sends Constance away on the sea. During her exile, Constance faces many trials and sees many miracles happen because of her faith. Deuteronomy 20:4 says, For the LORD your God is He who goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you. This verse rings true in Constances story. She remains strong and does not question Gods goodness even amidst the situations she was in. She is an example of true faith when put to the test. The storyteller, is the Man of Law, or lawyer. He is a respectable man that follows rules and does his job well. He is smart and has a lot of money. Its possible that his reasoning for telling a tale like this is to show how devotion and perseverance is worth it. Of the many stories the canterbury tales hold, Christianity is an undeniable theme in almost every one. Though Chaucer was not openly a Christian, he thought it important to share thoughts on the topic through story. Writers write to teach lessons, express their opinions and help you form your own. The Canterbury tales, though crude and dark at times has great stories with even better messages. In conclusion, by comparing these three tales and their tellers, there is a clearer visual of the motives and purpose of their place in the story.

Three Immigrant Types in Mukherjees Jasmine Essay

Three Immigrant Types in Mukherjees Jasmine The complex journey of immigration and the hardships immigrants undergo are common themes in Bharati Mukherjees writings. The author, an immigrant herself, tries to show the darker side of immigration, especially for Hindu women, that is not often portrayed in other immigrant narratives. In the novel, Jasmine Mukhedee uses three types of immigrants to show how different the hardships of adhering to life in an adopted country can be. Her main immigrant characters fall mainly into three categories: the refugee, the hyphenated immigrant, and the chameleon. The refugee immigrant type is seen in Jasmines father, Pitaji and in the Proffessodi and his wife, Nirmala. The character Du is†¦show more content†¦I have adopted this country as my home. I view myself as an American author in the tradition of other American authors whose ancestors arrived at Ellis Island. (Carb 650) Mukherjee shows this type of refugee most strongly in the character of Jasmines father, Pitaji. Jasmines family was forced to flee from the city of Lahore and the life of luxury they livd6)n Lahore my parents had lived in a big stucco house with porticoes and gardens. They had owned farmlands, shops .... In our family lore Lahore was magic and Lahore was chaos (Mukherjee 36). Pitaji is unable to cope with the loss of prestige and so, instead of adapting to country life, tries to hold on to the remnants of his past. My father was a man who had given up long before I was born .... Except when it was absolutely necessary to plant or to harvest, he would lie on a charpoy under a flowering jasmine tree all day .... After fleeing Lahore, Pitaji had been cast adrift in an uncaring, tasteless, corrupt, coarse, ignorant world (Mukherjee 36-37). Although Pitaji never leaves India, he has lost the life he once knew and is a refugee in a new lan$he refuses to adapt t6, Like Pitaji, the Proffessorji and his wife Nirmala also refuse to adapt to their new surrounding. Despite living in America, the Vadheras create a small version of India in Flushing that is unnerving to Jasmine during her stay with them. Flushing, with all its immigrant services at hand, frightened me. 1, who had every reason to

Teenage Suicide Is Becoming Increasingly More Common

A young person dying for any reason is a tragedy, so when a teenager takes his or her own life due to frustrations, hopelessness, or loss of self-worth, it is completely devastating. Young people today are having to grow up in a world with high stress levels, confusion, discouragement, and pain; sometimes it is just too hard for them to handle. Perhaps it is not surprising that teenage suicide is becoming increasingly more common. Suicide has become the third leading causing of death in adolescents today. All around the world teenagers are attempting to take, or successfully taking, their own lives for many reasons, including forms of content on the Internet. A story published in The Ledger written by Stephanie Allie demonstrates how this, unfortunately, happened to be true for 12 year old, Rebecca Sedwick. On the morning of September 9th, 2013, instead of getting on the school bus, Rebecca walked to an abandoned cement plant. The 12 year old climbed to the top of a silo and jumped o ff, killing herself instantly. Later, Rebecca’s mother, Traci, told police that her daughter had been bullied by a group of middle school girls. Further investigation showed that for over a year, Rebecca received hateful text messages and Facebook posts from these girls, harassing, taunting, and humiliating her. Some of the messages went as far as telling Rebecca to endure bodily harm, and that she did not deserve to live. The girls treated Rebecca horribly all because she started dating someoneShow MoreRelatedCyber Bullying : A Deep Seated Psychological Problem1359 Words   |  6 Pagesinformation such as messages, or pictures. These are sent online or as text messages to many people with the aim of exposing their victims and embarrassing them (Aisha 207-207). Causes of cyber bullying Cyber bullying has many causes. The most common cause is retaliation. Most of the cyber bullies intend to revenge for something bad done to them. However, it is important to note that they may be revenging for something good that the victim did to them like reporting them to the school administrationRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency, A And Violent Criminal Activities1530 Words   |  7 Pagesworld â€Å"Juvenile Delinquency†. There are probably hundreds of definitions of juvenile delinquency that contain only minor differences, using the same words to describe the same basic meaning. If you search up with words Juvenile Delinquency the most common definition would probably be â€Å"negative behaviors of children and teens that may result in crimes or legal actions†, while the two terms are used frequently by Americans, they are relatively new concepts that do not necessarily connote the same meaningsRead MoreMental Health : Mental Illness1604 Words   |  7 P agesMENTAL HEALTH REPORT 1.Prevalence is the number of cases of disease in a given population* and is defined with epidemiological data. Mental health is a person’s psychological well-being. Associated diseases have become increasingly prevalent in Australia over the past decade, with a recent advertisement by the ABC highlighting that 50% of Australians will experience a mental illness. Mental illness is responsible for the third largest burden of disease in Australia, making it a priority. †¢ MorbidityRead MoreMental Health : Mental Illness1604 Words   |  7 PagesMENTAL HEALTH REPORT 1.Prevalence is the number of cases of disease in a given population and is defined with epidemiological data. Mental health is a person’s psychological well-being. Associated diseases have become increasingly prevalent in Australia over the past decade, with a recent advertisement by the ABC highlighting that 50% of Australians will experience a mental illness. Mental illness is responsible for the third largest burden of disease in Australia, making it a priority. †¢ MorbidityRead MoreDieting And Fitness Routines That Can Help Me Lose Weight1469 Words   |  6 PagesFlipping through the latest â€Å"Seventeen† magazine, my eyes centralize solely on the teenage models posing in tight fitting clothes with the headline saying, â€Å"How to Look Hot†. I carefully read the tips on diets and fitness routines that could help me lose weight. My intent was to appear as skinny as the girls in the magazine. If I did not look like them, I would not be attractive. I mentally prompt myself to stay clear of carbs and to eat three meals a day with only snacks less than a hundred caloriesRead MoreSchool Violence Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagesout burst of school violence and shootings. Teenage angst and violence have always been around but has grown in recent years. From school year of 1996-1997 More than half of U.S. public schools reported experiencing at least one crime incident in school, and 1 in 10 schools reported at least one serious violent crime during that school year (Burns, 1998).Fifty-seven percent of public elementary and secondary school principals reported that one or more incidents of violence that were reported to theRead MoreSchool Bullying Essay2854 Words   |  12 PagesMany people do not realize how serious bullying has become. If you look at statistics suicides due to bullying have increased over just a few short years. This has become a very big problem for not only the victim but the bully as well as it affect both of them. School bullying is mentally destructive to not only the victims, but bullies because of the harmful words, harassment, and physical violence involved as well as the consequences for the bully. The general definition of bullying is, â€Å"†¦ [This]Read MoreThe Issue Of Teen Suicide4465 Words   |  18 Pagescommit suicide. From 2011 to 2015, teen suicide has transformed into a consequential issue within the United States of America. Suicide is the second leading cause of death among American teenagers between the ages of twelve and eighteen, and is the third leading cause of death for those aged ten to fourteen. Back in 2011, the suicide death rate for those teenagers aged thirteen to nineteen was 6.74 per 100,000, an aggregate of 2,014 teens. Suicide also accounted for 17 percent of U.S. teenage deathsRead MoreMedia Vs Body Image1385 Words   |  6 Pagesthe media, controls the mind. Jim Morrison. Since World War II, the media has increasingly advertised a slimmer and thinner body image for the ideal body type. The media has become more influential in our lives, so much that it influences how each person feels about their own image. Studies show that Body image is closely linked to self-esteem. Low self-esteem in adolescents can lead to eating disorders. The most common eating disorders in American a re Anorexia Nervosa, a serious psychological disorderRead MoreChildbearing Among Teenagers Essay2484 Words   |  10 PagesDuring the past 40 years teenagers have been identified with having many social problems such as drug abuse, suicide, criminal behavior and childbearing. Even though these concerns have not shown a significant threat to the welfare of future generations, there has been considerable effort, especially in industrialized countries, to control and prevent these issues. Teenage pregnancy, in particular, has made an impressive improvement over recent years.[1] Compared to the last

Ready to Assemble Furniture at Its Retail †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1.Does IKEA Systems need IT? 2.Why IT is important for survival? 3.What is required to apply IT into IEKA? 4.How does your IKEA use IT? 5.What benefits and advantages does IT bring to IKEA? 6.What type of risks does IT bring to IKEA business? 7.How can IKEA maintain and monitor IT? Answers: Introduction IKEA is Swedish company that sells ready to assemble furniture at its retail stores at an affordable price and is currently the worlds largest furniture selling company. It has presence is more than 21 countries in which it owns 277 stores. There are 37 more stores which are run by the franchise. IKEA also started franchise business model for quick business expansion however due to some quality issues and brand reputation, it has put restriction on franchise model and return back to its original philosophy of expanding by owning the stores. Main advantage is that there is no single worldwide global furniture retailer who has such huge presence which means it has no global competitors. However, in each country, there are some local retailers which act as its competitors in those countries. IKEA understands its market very well and competes in providing the low cost furniture. It is not competing at high end furniture but affordable furniture and thereby targeting bottom of pyramid whi ch has largest population and thus it caters to the masses. Specific to Australia, IKEA stores are run by 2 companies Cebas Pty and INGKA holding through franchise model. The purpose of this case study is to analyze the IKEA systems at depth and why IT systems are important for the company not only to survive and perform basic day to day life operations but also to differentiate itself from the local competition. Analysis 1. Yes, there is no doubt about it that IKEA systems need IT. IKEA competes for providing low cost furniture and is having cost leadership. This low cost has been achieved over a period of years by streamlining the business processes and making them quite efficient and automate them as much as possible so that the cost savings achieved can be passed on to their customers. Such automation and streamlining of the processes can be possible without leveraging IT systems. It has presence in 21 countries and thus everything needs to be rolled up to reflect the profits of the whole group as well as other financial metrics. Without IT, it becomes impossible to manage more than 300 stores in so many countries. Not only this, if there are no IT systems, each store will use its own way to manage the processes. Apart from that, there will be increasing changes of fraud if there are no IT systems. Assume franchise is making a sale but not hiding that transaction to save its franchise fees that it gives to IKEA. In order to protect from such Frauds and maintain the transparency, IT systems are indispensable. Apart from it, online presence is mandatory these days because many people prefer to look at the catalogue online during their leisure and make purchases online. Thus, it is important to setup online distribution channel which can be possible only by using IT systems. IKEA is a very large scale company with revenue of around 35 billion Euro and imagine the amount of daily operational work it is generating like reports, managing suppliers data, managing customer data, managing inventory, accounts reconciliation, There is no way other than IT systems to manage such huge data. Also, with the advent of social media and digital revolution, online presence is become mandatory for marketing purposes as well as to get the intelligence from the systems. 2 Today, all the companies are using IT systems to provide better services to their customers. For example, customer can make purchases online, check the catalogues and also read the specifications. When competitors are doing it, people started taking for granted such services and it becomes indispensable for the company to implement IT systems if it wants to survive (Heizer, Barry, 2013). When the company starts, it has few suppliers, fewer customers and thus less data and operations are also simple that can be manageable using excel sheets or traditional systems. However, when the company expand beyond its boundaries, the scale of data, operations also increases and becomes impossible to manage without using the IT or ERP systems (Khodakarami, Chan, 2014). Also, there is pressure on all the companies to reduce the cost due to massive competition. Thus, companies are streamlining their processes as well as automating them so as to reduce the manpower and thereby reducing the cost and thus able to survive. This automation and streamlining becomes possible by effectively using IT systems and that is a reason IT systems becomes very basic infrastructure for any business to survive. Having IT systems does not guarantee success, it just helps you to compete in the market. Also, digitalization, crowdsourcing are the buzzword in todays world and organizations have to Use IT systems to use these concepts. Also, online presence helps the company to build the brand by tapping the power of social media and by directly engaging the customers on social media and gaining traction. 3. (I.e. cost, planning, designing, equipment, installation, training, etc...) Applying IT in any business is not very straightforward. Its a quite complex process and often leaves the organization vulnerable if the implementation is not done properly. There are numerous examples of FoxMeyer Drug, Hersheys, Nestle, Nike that how there IT implementation projects go wrong and bring the company on the verge of bankruptcy (Kim, 2013)). Thus, it is very important to understand and conduct feasibility study of the critical business processes before implementing IT systems. Once study is done, company should invite proposals from vendor and should closely monitor how many processes are supported by the software. Customization should be as low as possible in the chosen software. Once software is identified, company can think about various hardware costs if setting up an infrastructure or using cloud computing would be feasible. Once the basic decisions are finalized, company should plan various milestones and timelines of project. It should not ignore the important phases like Testing and training. There are examples of companies that have failed due to improper training and by cutting the testing cycles. Company should went live during the lean order booking period for a safer go live. Hersheys went live during its busiest period and which lead to failure of go-live and rolling back to legacy systems (Chung, Ahmad, Tang, 2015). Once planning is done, company should prepare global business process templates which are basically laying the ground for all the stores worldwide. If any country has localized requirement that should also be captured in the plan. Company should ensure that all the requirements are captured and designed in design phase. Once design phase is completed, configurations and build phase starts. After that, users test the flow of the business processes. There can be many time back and fo rth for arriving at a full proof business processes. Thus, In a nutshell, below are what some of the things required to implement IT are: Hardware systems and software systems selection Vendor selection Cost discussion Risk mitigation matrix Quality matrix Project timeline and key milestones Training and testing requirements 4. Usage of IKEA IT Systems for its suppliers: IKEA has to buy many raw materials from various suppliers located across the world. Without IT systems, buying a material would be cumbersome task. Now, IKEA systems just releases proposal consisting of its requirements and conduct reverse auction among the various suppliers over its IT systems. Based on reverse auction, it selects the appropriate supplier, digitally signs the contract and place purchases order with the supplier. This is e-procurement process at IKEA systems which is possible due to its IT systems (Edvardsson, 2014). It has drastically reduce the lead time and also open its doors for many suppliers whose location is quite far. Usage of IKEA IT Systems for its employees: Employees can effectively use the IT systems to check the availability of their inventory at a given time for promising order to customers, conducts the lead time analysis for some items based on the suppliers lead time for items if they are not available. Thus, Employees are using its systems to better serve the customers. They also use it to maintain their profile, personnel information, bank account information, leaves. Not only this, IKEA can better engage with customers using social media (Akesson, Edcardsson, Tronyoll, 2014). Usage of IKEA IT Systems for its customers: With efficient IT systems, customer can places the orders from the comfort of their home and thus IT systems open ups another distribution channel for IKEA. Customers can also tracks their orders online, see specifications of various products, see their past history of orders. They can also enroll for the softcopy of the catalogue of IKEA that consists of its latest offerings. 5. IT has bring numerous benefits to IKEA systems. Not only it is able to manage its suppliers and customers well but it has also automated and streamlined its various business processes resulting in more on time delivery at various stores and better order fulfillment rate. It helps the company to prevent the fraud as all the order booking needs to be entered into the system. IT has integrated the various business processes and increase the collaboration between various departments. Procure to pay and order to cash are some of its standard business cycles that spans through multiple departments. Without IT systems, each department is maintaining data as per his convenience and which created redundancy i.e. entering of same data twice, human errors and all this results in huge efforts during account reconciliation at month end. All these processes have been automated by usage of IT systems and processes are improved (Sharma, Chang, Tim, Wong, Gadia, 2016). There is no redundancy. Also, IKEA is now able to engage the customers better by leveraging social media and which helps in more brand building and more sales. Another biggest benefits is the lead time and cycle time reduction. Cash to cash cycle is reduced very much, lead time is also reduced as orders are placed and contract are signed digitally in real time, inventory turnover is also increased. In short, whole supply chain of IKEA systems is improved (Holmberg, 2000). 6.(I.e. security, privacy, confidentiality) When IT is implemented, there are also increased risk of data theft, privacy and confidentiality. Only last week, one of the ransomware WannaCry has attacked on NHS hospitals, UK and also demanding the payments for releasing the systems back. Thus, IT systems increased the risk of attack by malware which puts entire data at risk. Company have to stay update by using latest anti-viruses and upgrading its systems continuously. Implementing IT systems is not 1 time investment but regular on going expense. IT systems are quite secure but it is very important that everyone has right functional responsibility so that he/she can see only the authorized data otherwise the system data will be at risk. Also, if the company is not having the on premise hardware and using clouds, there is greater issue of security because cloud is generally shared with many other customers by means of virtualization. Thus, company data is stored on the cloud servers shared with many other companies. Sometimes, cloud also raises risks related to security compliance (Haimes, Horowitz, Guo, Andrijcic, Bogdanor, 2015). For instance, some countries have rules like their data could not be stored on the servers in different countries. In such cases, although cloud server is located in your country but multiple backup copies may be located at safer geographies. 7. It is very important to monitor your IT systems regularly to protect them from any attack. As the usage of IT systems have increased in the systems and so is the activity of hackers and malwares who are continuously looking to hack the systems. Apart from monitoring, regular maintenance is also needed so as to clear the cache, waste memory and fix other issues to get the optimum performance from the server. Company can monitor its server on regular basis and implement any upgrades/patches as soon as they are released. If the company is using cloud computing, then it dont have to perform such maintenance and monitoring tasks because they will be the responsibility of cloud service provider. Conclusion This case study discusses about the role IT systems plays in the life of corporations and organizations and no global organizations can imagine itself running without using IT systems. There is so much data and operations generated today that effective IT systems are indispensable to manage them. IKEA business is selected as part of this paper and evaluated at depth how IT systems are improving the processes for IKEA and helping its to realize its vision of maintaining cost leadership and providing affordable furniture to its customers. References Akesson, M., Edvardsson, B., Tronvoll, B. (2014). Customer experience from a self-service system perspective. Journal of Service Management, 25(5), 677-698. Chung, S. H., Ahmad, S. I., Tang, H. L. (2015). Symptoms, causes and remedies for failures in enterprise systems implementation. International Journal of Business Information Systems, 19(1), 103-118. Edvardsson, B. (2014). Striking the Right Balance: How to Design, Implement, and Operationalize Customer Experience Management Programs. In Managing Consumer Services (pp. 69-89). Springer International Publishing. Haimes, Y. Y., Horowitz, B. M., Guo, Z., Andrijcic, E., Bogdanor, J. (2015). Assessing Systemic Risk to Cloud Computing Technology as Complex Interconnected Systems of Systems. Systems Engineering, 18(3), 284-299. Heizer, R., Barry, R. (2013). Operation Management, Sustainability and Supply Chain management (Vol. 11). Pearson, UK. Holmberg, S. (2000). A systems perspective on supply chain measurements. International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, 30(10), 847-868. Khodakarami, F., Chan, Y. E. (2014). Exploring the role of customer relationship management (CRM) systems in customer knowledge creation. Information Management, 51(1), 27-42. Kim, Y. (2013, January). Relative Importance of Critical Success Factors for ERP Implementation: Practitioners' Perspective. In International Conference on Infocomm Technologies in Competitive Strategies (ICT). Proceedings (p. 26). Global Science and Technology Forum. Sharma, S., Chang, V., Tim, U. S., Wong, J., Gadia, S. (2016). Cloud-based emerging services systems. International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier.